HAWKING RADIATION AND ITS MYSTERY

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 HAWKING RADIATION.......









STEVEN HAWKING



                                                        


Steven hawking is an English theoretical physicist , cosmologist and also an author who made a huge contribution for modern physics. After the concept of theory of relativity the idea of black holes made and impact in the scientific world. And many believed that black holes were components which will exist forever....... But in 1974 hawking proposed his theory by saying that black holes are not completely black and can emit radiation , and because of that the mass of it get lose by evaporate......

The concept of hawking radiation connects the theories of  quantum physics and so as general relativity. According to classical physics nothing can escape (even light) the gravitational pull of  a black hole once its reached the boundary line named as the event horizon. But somehow according to quantum physics  the concept of particle antiparticle pairs  occur near the event horizon . The reason behind the creation of this particle antiparticle duo can be explained by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.....

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle allows for the temporary creation of particle antiparticle pairs in empty space near a black holes event horizon......... These pairs can be influenced by the strong gravitational field , leading to the escape of one particle while the other falls into the black hole.... This process  gives rise to the phenomenon known as hawking radiation. This scenario makes the black hole to appear and emit radiation due to the quantum effects near their event horizon.


The process of hawking radiation was extremely slow. Hawking radiation is incredibly weak for large black holes makes its detection and observation challenging. For smaller black holes the radiation is stronger and could potentially play a significant role in their evolution. A black hole the mass of the sun may take 10*67 years evaporate . Sagittarius A (the super massive black hole in the center of the milky way ) would take 10*87 years to evaporate . And so the greater the size it gets the more the time its spends to evaporate. By using a chain of atoms to simulate a black holes event horizon , researchers have shown that hawking radiation may exist just as the late physicist described.........scientist have created a lab grown black hole analog to test one to test one of steven hawking most famous theories and it behaves just how he predicted........



Hawking original derivation of the formula for hawking radiation involves complex mathematical calculations that combine principles of quantum field theory and general relativity. ......The key concept is the creation of particle antiparticle pairs near the event horizon of a black hole. where one particle falls in and the other escapes cause in the observed radiaton...... The process involves tunneling through the black holes gravitational potential barrier....

The formla for the temperature of hawking radiation is one of the most important results of the theory. And its knows as the hawking temperature....And its given by....

T      = hc3/ 8 pi G M
  H  

T    the hawking temperature
   H

h bar  reduced plank constant 
c the speed of light
G is the gravitational constant 
M is the mass of the black hole


This formula shows that the hawking temperature is inversely proportional to the mass of the black hole. Means that smaller black holes have a higher temperature and emit radiation more intensely than larger black holes....

The formula for the power of hawking radiation emitted by a black hole is given by.....

p=hc6/15360 *pi * G2*M2              
     

P is the power of hawking radiation......

This formula demonstrates that the power of hawking radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the mass of the black hole...As the black hole loses mass due to the emission of  radiation , its power decreases..... leads to a gradual evaporation process....

It,s important to note that these formulas provide a simplified overview of the concept of hawking radiation....the actual derivation and understanding of the phenomenon involve intricate calculations and a deep understanding of quantum filed theory in curved spacetime...additionally the formulas provided here are based on hawkings original work and do not incorporate potential corrections or modifications that may arise from more advanced theories such as quantum gravity theories....



The concept of hawking radiation was mainly used in classical physics and so as cosmology......

One of the primary implications of hawking radiation is its impact on the evolution of black holes. if hawking radiation is indeed real. it means that black holes can gradually lose mass and energy over time. this has significant consequences for the lifecycle of black holes....as smaller black holes would evaporate faster than larger ones...the concept of hawking radiation has implications for the overall population of black holes in the universe and their ultimate fate........

Some researchers have suggested that the energy released by hawking radiation during the early universe could have left imprints cosmic microwave background radiation...which is the afterglow of the big bang......







KEEP IN TOUCH WITH SPACE EXPLORATION AND MAKE SURE TO ADD ON YOUR DOUBTS TO CLARIFIY IN THE COMMENT SECTION...
                                                                                                                    🖊 SHEHAN 
                                                                                     UNDERGRADUATE IN PHYSICS 













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